Early Indians

Early Indians: The Story of Our Ancestors and Where We Came From by Tony Joseph

Early Indians: The Story of Our Ancestors and Where We Came From by Tony Joseph

Who are we Indians? Where did we come from?
Book started with cronology of the modern human in Indian pre-history.How Modern human(Homo Sapiens) migrated from Africa to populate the world, when and how did this succesful migration happened and how migrants reached India 65,000 yeras ago.

Who were the first Indians
The first chapter discuss about when modern human set foot in India. Tracing early Indian is began from Bhimbetka rock shelter in MadhyaPradesh which is inhabited more than 100,000 years ago. From Africa 70,000 years ago succesful migration of Modern humans(Homo Sapiens) happened, modern humans reached India about 65,000 years ago. In 7,000 BCE a new agricu;tural settlement begins in Mehrgarh, at the foot of Bolan Hills in Balochistan.Between 7000-3000 BCE agriculturists from Zagros region in Iran mixed with Descendant of of first Indians. 5500-2600 BCE The Early Harappan Period, 2600-1900BCE The mature Harappan period, 1900-1300 BCE The Late Harappan period

It took nearly 5000 years for the seeds that were planted-literally- in the Kacchi plain of Balochistan around 7000 BCE to grow into the mighty tree that was the Harappan Civilization between 2600 and 1900BCE....

Farming and agriculture

The second chapter shows how the farming and agricultural invention created the condition for world's largest early civilization- The Harappan, the Mesopotamia and so on.

"Not all agricultural societies become civilization, but no civilization can be one without passing through tha stage of agriculture..."

The early holoscene is the starting point of agricultural experiments. Evidence shows that the earliest experiment in agriculture begans in Mehrgarh, a small village located at the foot of the Bolan Pass in Balochistan in modern-day Pakistan. Beginning of agriculture stops humans travelling from one place to other and to stay in place where all the conditon suits for farming. This leads to Domestication of animals and plants. When they are not moving and get necessary resource for survive they got enough time to indulge in creativity which involves activities like beadmaking, ornament making, etc..
This leads to developing buliding, walls and strucures which become necessary to keep them and their resources safe for tomorrow and the beginning of Urbanization.

Civilization and Urbanization

In third chapter describes the Harappan civilization,its urbanization, uniqueness and vastness, contacts between Mesopotamian civilization and other contemperories if there were any. What was the language of Harappan, Hieroglyphic of ancient Egypt and the cuniform of Mesopotamia were diciphered after finding the Rosetta stone and Behistune inscription. There are no such finding for Harappan language so far but with the help of ancient DNA findings with archaeology and linguistics provide a glimpse for what could be the language of Harappans.
Different ancient languages were considered and contemperory languages like Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada referenced. How migrations affected the language and impact of agriculture on language. In one instance Dr. Iravatham Mahadevan links the Cheras, Cholas and Pandiyas to Harappan.

Every nation in the world today is shaped by repeated mass migrations

Language

The fourth chapter discuss about, the Indo-European-language Speaker[The Aryans], the last ancient migrator. If Aryans were migrants then where did they came, When did they reached here?
As they came here they interacted, adopted and adapted. The evidence are accumulated with the help of ancient DNA. The study shows that Aryan peoples interacted with Harappan people but in which way or purpose not understood clearly because the there are no rosetta stone founded yet to understand Harappans.
The declining of Harappan Civilization was attriuted to the Aryan invasion and climate but the study shows, with these two, that there were other factor effected in the declining of civilization, such as, conflicts within, drought, migration etc..

Modern Human from Africa reached here which pave the foundation of population, peoples from west Asia contributed in agricultur and buliding of Harappan civilization and Dravidian language which enriched culture today, peoples from east Asia brought new languages and plants and farming tecniques, and people from Central Asia whose thoughts and beliefs impacted here which resulted a new culture which is known today and their language flourished here into worlds greatest language,Sanskrit. Those who came later seeking refuge or for conquest or for trade and then chose to stay and contributed to this civilization.

Title	:		Early Indians: The Story of Our Ancestors and Where We Came From
Author	:		Tony Joseph
Genre	:		Non-fiction, History
Format	:		Hardcover
Publisher	:		Juggernaut
ISBN	:		9789386228987